Which of the following is considered evidence of life?

The correct choice, which is the pulsation of the umbilical cord, is considered evidence of life because it indicates that there is an active circulation of blood and a connection to the mother's bloodstream, sustaining the fetus. This pulsation reflects the functional cardiovascular system of the fetus, suggesting that it is alive and receiving oxygen and nutrients necessary for development.

In contrast, a flatline EEG shows no brain activity, indicating brain death rather than life. Removal from the womb does not clarify whether the fetus was alive or not at the time of removal, as a fetus could be delivered stillborn. Intrauterine growth restriction refers to a condition in which a fetus is not growing at a normal rate inside the womb, which can be associated with various complications, including potential loss of life.

Thus, the pulsation of the umbilical cord is a clear and direct sign of life, as it demonstrates ongoing physiological activity.